CAFC - see Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.

CAFTA - see Central American Free Trade Agreement.

California Child Actors Bill - refers to laws to protect child actors. The law and those similar to it are often accredited to one time child actor, John Leslie "Jackie" Coogan.

CCPA - see Court of Customs and Patent Appeals.

ccTLD - see Country Code Top Level Domain.

Central American Free Trade Agreement - refers to an agreement that aims to eliminate barriers to trade and investment in the region comprised of nations of Central America, the Dominican Republic, and the United States of America.

CFR - see Code of Federal Regulations.

Children - for purposes of copyright law, children are a person's immediate offspring, whether legitimate or not, and any children legally adopted by that person

CIP - see Continuation in Part.

CIPO - see Canadian Intellectual Property Office.

Circumstances of the Case - refers to the standard to recover attorneys' fees in a trademark infringement action under Florida Trademark Law.

Claim Element Equivalent - refers to a claim element that "performs substantially the same function in substantially the same way to obtain the same result." Graver Tank & Mfg. Co. v. Linde Air Prods. Co., 339 U.S. 605, 608 (1950).

CLS - see Critical Legal Studies.

CM/ECF - see Case Management/Electronic Case Files.

CMI - see Copyright Management Information.

COA - see Cause of Action.

Collective Works - refers to works, such as a periodical issues, anthologies, or encyclopedias, in which a number of contributions, constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are assembled into a collective whole.

Commerce - refers to all commerce which may lawfully be regulated by Congress.

Commercial Name - see Trade Name.

Common Assumpsit - see Indebitatus Assumpsit.

Compilation - refers to a work formed by the collection and assembling of preexisting materials or of data that are selected, coordinated, or arranged in such a way that the resulting work as a whole constitutes an original work of authorship. The term "compilation" includes Collective Works.

Computer Program - refers to a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in a computer in order to bring about a certain result.

Condition Precedent - refer to a condition which delays the vesting of a right until an event happens. In real estate law, it is a fact or event which must exist or happen before a right becomes vested

Condition Subsequent - refers to a stipulation, provision or case that operates upon an estate conveyed or gifted and renders it liable to be defeated for breach in which event the estate conveyed or gifted reverts to the grantor. It is a condition annexed to an estate already vested, by performance of which such estate is kept and continued, and by failure or non-performance of which it is defeated.

Conflicting Marks - refers to the situation where there is a Likelihood of Confusion between two or more trademarks.

CONFU - see Conference on Fair Use.

Continuing Application - refers to either a Continuation, Continuation-in-part, or Divisional patent application.

Coogan Act - see California Child Actors Bill.

Coogan Bill - see California Child Actors Bill.

Copies - refer to material objects, other than phonorecords, in which a work is fixed by any method now known or later developed, and from which the work can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. The term "copies" includes the material object, other than a phonorecord, in which the work is first fixed.

Copyright Management Information - refers to any of the following information conveyed in connection with copies or phonorecords of a work or performances or displays of a work, including in digital form, except that such term does not include any personally identifying information about a user of a work or of a copy, phonorecord, performance, or display of a work:

1. The title and other information identifying the work, including the information set forth on a notice of copyright.
2. The name of, and other identifying information about, the author of a work.
3. The name of, and other identifying information about, the copyright owner of the work, including the information set forth in a notice of copyright.
4. With the exception of public performances of works by radio and television broadcast stations, the name of, and other identifying information about, a performer whose performance is fixed in a work other than an audiovisual work.
5. With the exception of public performances of works by radio and television broadcast stations, in the case of an audiovisual work, the name of, and other identifying information about, a writer, performer, or director who is credited in the audiovisual work.
6. Terms and conditions for use of the work.
7. Identifying numbers or symbols referring to such information or links to such information.
8. Such other information as the Register of Copyrights may prescribe by regulation, except that the Register of Copyrights may not require the provision of any information concerning the user of a copyrighted work.

Copyright Owner - refers to the owner of any one of the exclusive rights comprised in a copyright.

Copyright Royalty Judge - refers to a judge appointed under 17 U.S.C. ? 802, and includes any individual serving as an interim Copyright Royalty Judge under such section.

CORDS - see Copyright Office Electronic Registration, Recordation, and Deposit System.

Correspondence Information - refers to information that includes the correspondence address, which may be indicated by reference to a customer number, to which correspondence is to be directed. See 37 CFR § 1.33(a), 1.67(b)(2).

Counterfeit Mark - refers to a spurious mark which is identical with, or substantially indistinguishable from, a registered trademark.

Court of Customs and Patent Appeals - refers to the former Federal court that heard cases from the Patent Office, the International Trade Commission, and Customs Court. The Court of Customs and Patent Appeals merged with the appellate division of the Court of Claims in 1982 to form the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.

Covenant - refers to an agreement or promise under seal at common law. In a technical sense, an obligation or a promise contained in an instrument does not become a covenant unless it is under seal. However, the term is now used to refer to any promise or obligation as contained in an instrument. A covenant, being a contract, is in many respects subject to the same rules as other contracts. A covenant may be either expressed or implied. An express covenant is one created by the parties and an implied one is that which is created by the law irrespective of the intention of the parties. In relation to land, a covenant may be one that is annexed to an estate in land or one that is a covenant in gross. A covenant that is annexed to an estate of land passes by assignment of that land and may be said to run with it, in contemplation as well of equity as of law, without proof or special bargain or representation on the assignment. In such a case it runs, not because the conscience of either party is affected, but because the purchaser has bought something which inhered in or was annexed to the land bought. A covenant in gross, on the other hand, is one that is collateral and that is not touching or concerning the land demised or conveyed. Thus a covenant contained in a mortgage of lands on which a service station was located, whereby the mortgagor agreed to buy the products marketed by the mortgagee, was held to be a covenant in gross and not binding on the subsequent purchaser of the land. Like any other contract, a covenant that offends public policy or is illegal is void. A covenant in a deed of land prohibiting the resale to persons of a particular nationality is a void covenant since it is offensive to public policy and also amounts to a restraint on alienation. No particular technical words are necessary to create a covenant so long as the intention of the party to bind himself is clear from the construction of the document.

Created - refers to when a work is fixed in a copy or phonorecord for the first time. Where a work is prepared over a period of time the portion of it that has been fixed at any particular time constitutes the work as of that time, and where the work has been prepared in different versions, each version constitutes a separate work.